Overblog
Suivre ce blog Administration + Créer mon blog

Présentation

  • : Le blog de arnaud.coutant.over-blog.com
  • : Ce blog présente les articles et ouvrages d'un enseignant-chercheur en Droit public. Il fournit également des références bibliographiques concernant différents domaines juridiques.
  • Contact

Recherche

15 septembre 2012 6 15 /09 /septembre /2012 07:25

 

voici les éléments de bibliographie donnés en cours .

 

 

Droit constitutionnel

Francis Hamon, Michel Troper

Editeur : LGDJ; Édition : 40e édition (septembre 2019)

Collection : MANUELS

EUR 35,00

 

Droit constitutionnel et Institutions politiques

Bertrand Mathieu, Philippe Ardant

662 pages

LGDJ; Édition : 31e édition (2019)

Collection : Manuels

EUR 35,00

 

Droit constitutionnel 

Pierre Pactet, Ferdinand Mélin-Soucramanien

Broché: 638 pages

Dalloz-Sirey;  37e édition (2019)

Collection : Sirey Université

EUR 34,00

 

Manuel de droit constitutionnel : Tome 1, Théorie générale, histoire, régimes étrangers
 
Julien Boudon
 
PUF, 3 juillet 2019
 
20, 00 EUR
 
 
Le Droit Constitutionnel en Tableaux

Arnaud Coutant

336 pages

Editeur : Ellipses Marketing (12 juillet 2016)

Collection : Le droit en fiches et en tableaux

25,00 EUR

 

des bibliographies thématiques seront fournies dans les différentes fiches de TD.

Bon courage

Partager cet article
Repost0
11 juin 2012 1 11 /06 /juin /2012 04:39

Je viens de publier un article sur les élections présidentielles américaines en évoquant principalement les présidents élus sans majorité dans l'Histoire de l'Union.

références: RFDC 2012/2

Pour le consulter:

 

http://www.cairn.info/revue-francaise-de-droit-constitutionnel-2012-2-page-35.htm

 

 

 

Partager cet article
Repost0
27 mai 2012 7 27 /05 /mai /2012 05:03

 

le Discours reproduit ci-dessous est un exemple fascinant des difficiles rapports qui caractérisent le système constitutionnel américain. Suite à la crise de 1929, Roosevelt arrive au pouvoir avec un programme de réformes sociales et économiques. Face à l'hostilité de la cour suprême, il engage un véritable affrontement, en 1936-1937.

 

9 mars 1937: Discours de Franklin Roosevelt sur la Cour suprême

 

On "Court-Packing" (March 9, 1937)

Last Thursday I described in detail certain economic problems which everyone admits now face the Nation. For the many messages which have come to me after that speech, and which it is physically impossible to answer individually, I take this means of saying "thank you."

Tonight, sitting at my desk in the White House, I make my first radio report to the people in my second term of office.

I am reminded of that evening in March, four years ago, when I made my first radio report to you. We were then in the midst of the great banking crisis.

Soon after, with the authority of the Congress, we asked the Nation to turn over all of its privately held gold, dollar for dollar, to the Government of the United States.

Today's recovery proves how right that policy was.

But when, almost two years later, it came before the Supreme Court its constitutionality was upheld only by a five-to-four vote. The change of one vote would have thrown all the affairs of this great Nation back into hopeless chaos. In effect, four Justices ruled that the right under a private contract to exact a pound of flesh was more sacred than the main objectives of the Constitution to establish an enduring Nation.

In 1933 you and I knew that we must never let our economic system get completely out of joint again - that we could not afford to take the risk of another great depression.

We also became convinced that the only way to avoid a repetition of those dark days was to have a government with power to prevent and to cure the abuses and the inequalities which had thrown that system out of joint.

We then began a program of remedying those abuses and inequalities - to give balance and stability to our economic system - to make it bomb-proof against the causes of 1929.

Today we are only part-way through that program - and recovery is speeding up to a point where the dangers of 1929 are again becoming possible, not this week or month perhaps, but within a year or two.

National laws are needed to complete that program. Individual or local or state effort alone cannot protect us in 1937 any better than ten years ago.

It will take time - and plenty of time - to work out our remedies administratively even after legislation is passed. To complete our program of protection in time, therefore, we cannot delay one moment in making certain that our National Government has power to carry through.

Four years ago action did not come until the eleventh hour. It was almost too late.

If we learned anything from the depression we will not allow ourselves to run around in new circles of futile discussion and debate, always postponing the day of decision.

The American people have learned from the depression. For in the last three national elections an overwhelming majority of them voted a mandate that the Congress and the President begin the task of providing that protection - not after long years of debate, but now.

The Courts, however, have cast doubts on the ability of the elected Congress to protect us against catastrophe by meeting squarely our modern social and economic conditions.

We are at a crisis in our ability to proceed with that protection. It is a quiet crisis. There are no lines of depositors outside closed banks. But to the far-sighted it is far-reaching in its possibilities of injury to America.

I want to talk with you very simply about the need for present action in this crisis - the need to meet the unanswered challenge of one-third of a Nation ill-nourished, ill-clad, ill-housed.

Last Thursday I described the American form of Government as a three horse team provided by the Constitution to the American people so that their field might be plowed. The three horses are, of course, the three branches of government - the Congress, the Executive and the Courts. Two of the horses are pulling in unison today; the third is not. Those who have intimated that the President of the United States is trying to drive that team, overlook the simple fact that the President, as Chief Executive, is himself one of the three horses.

It is the American people themselves who are in the driver's seat.

It is the American people themselves who want the furrow plowed.

It is the American people themselves who expect the third horse to pull in unison with the other two.

I hope that you have re-read the Constitution of the United States in these past few weeks. Like the Bible, it ought to be read again and again.

It is an easy document to understand when you remember that it was called into being because the Articles of Confederation under which the original thirteen States tried to operate after the Revolution showed the need of a National Government with power enough to handle national problems. In its Preamble, the Constitution states that it was intended to form a more perfect Union and promote the general welfare; and the powers given to the Congress to carry out those purposes can be best described by saying that they were all the powers needed to meet each and every problem which then had a national character and which could not be met by merely local action.

But the framers went further. Having in mind that in succeeding generations many other problems then undreamed of would become national problems, they gave to the Congress the ample broad powers "to levy taxes ... and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States."

That, my friends, is what I honestly believe to have been the clear and underlying purpose of the patriots who wrote a Federal Constitution to create a National Government with national power, intended as they said, "to form a more perfect union ... for ourselves and our posterity."

For nearly twenty years there was no conflict between the Congress and the Court. Then Congress passed a statute which, in 1803, the Court said violated an express provision of the Constitution. The Court claimed the power to declare it unconstitutional and did so declare it. But a little later the Court itself admitted that it was an extraordinary power to exercise and through Mr. Justice Washington laid down this limitation upon it: "It is but a decent respect due to the wisdom, the integrity and the patriotism of the legislative body, by which any law is passed, to presume in favor of its validity until its violation of the Constitution is proved beyond all reasonable doubt."

But since the rise of the modern movement for social and economic progress through legislation, the Court has more and more often and more and more boldly asserted a power to veto laws passed by the Congress and State Legislatures in complete disregard of this original limitation.

In the last four years the sound rule of giving statutes the benefit of all reasonable doubt has been cast aside. The Court has been acting not as a judicial body, but as a policy-making body.

When the Congress has sought to stabilize national agriculture, to improve the conditions of labor, to safeguard business against unfair competition, to protect our national resources, and in many other ways, to serve our clearly national needs, the majority of the Court has been assuming the power to pass on the wisdom of these acts of the Congress - and to approve or disapprove the public policy written into these laws.

That is not only my accusation. It is the accusation of most distinguished justices of the present Supreme Court. I have not the time to quote to you all the language used by dissenting justices in many of these cases. But in the case holding the Railroad Retirement Act unconstitutional, for instance, Chief Justice Hughes said in a dissenting opinion that the majority opinion was "a departure from sound principles," and placed "an unwarranted limitation upon the commerce clause." And three other justices agreed with him.

In the case of holding the AAA unconstitutional, Justice Stone said of the majority opinion that it was a "tortured construction of the Constitution." And two other justices agreed with him.

In the case holding the New York minimum wage law unconstitutional, Justice Stone said that the majority were actually reading into the Constitution their own " personal economic predilections," and that if the legislative power is not left free to choose the methods of solving the problems of poverty, subsistence, and health of large numbers in the community, then "government is to be rendered impotent." And two other justices agreed with him.

In the face of these dissenting opinions, there is no basis for the claim made by some members of the Court that something in the Constitution has compelled them regretfully to thwart the will of the people.

In the face of such dissenting opinions, it is perfectly clear that, as Chief Justice Hughes has said, "We are under a Constitution, but the Constitution is what the judges say it is."

The Court in addition to the proper use of its judicial functions has improperly set itself up as a third house of the Congress - a super-legislature, as one of the justices has called it - reading into the Constitution words and implications which are not there, and which were never intended to be there.

We have, therefore, reached the point as a nation where we must take action to save the Constitution from the Court and the Court from itself. We must find a way to take an appeal from the Supreme Court to the Constitution itself. We want a Supreme Court which will do justice under the Constitution and not over it. In our courts we want a government of laws and not of men.

I want - as all Americans want - an independent judiciary as proposed by the framers of the Constitution. That means a Supreme Court that will enforce the Constitution as written, that will refuse to amend the Constitution by the arbitrary exercise of judicial power - in other words by judicial say-so. It does not mean a judiciary so independent that it can deny the existence of facts which are universally recognized.

How then could we proceed to perform the mandate given us? It was said in last year's Democratic platform, "If these problems cannot be effectively solved within the Constitution, we shall seek such clarifying amendment as will assure the power to enact those laws, adequately to regulate commerce, protect public health and safety, and safeguard economic security." In other words, we said we would seek an amendment only if every other possible means by legislation were to fail.

When I commenced to review the situation with the problem squarely before me, I came by a process of elimination to the conclusion that, short of amendments, the only method which was clearly constitutional, and would at the same time carry out other much needed reforms, was to infuse new blood into all our Courts. We must have men worthy and equipped to carry out impartial justice. But, at the same time, we must have Judges who will bring to the Courts a present-day sense of the Constitution - Judges who will retain in the Courts the judicial functions of a court, and reject the legislative powers which the courts have today assumed.

In forty-five out of the forty-eight States of the Union, Judges are chosen not for life but for a period of years. In many States Judges must retire at the age of seventy. Congress has provided financial security by offering life pensions at full pay for Federal Judges on all Courts who are willing to retire at seventy. In the case of Supreme Court Justices, that pension is $20,000 a year. But all Federal Judges, once appointed, can, if they choose, hold office for life, no matter how old they may get to be.

What is my proposal? It is simply this: whenever a Judge or Justice of any Federal Court has reached the age of seventy and does not avail himself of the opportunity to retire on a pension, a new member shall be appointed by the President then in office, with the approval, as required by the Constitution, of the Senate of the United States.

That plan has two chief purposes. By bringing into the judicial system a steady and continuing stream of new and younger blood, I hope, first, to make the administration of all Federal justice speedier and, therefore, less costly; secondly, to bring to the decision of social and economic problems younger men who have had personal experience and contact with modern facts and circumstances under which average men have to live and work. This plan will save our national Constitution from hardening of the judicial arteries.

The number of Judges to be appointed would depend wholly on the decision of present Judges now over seventy, or those who would subsequently reach the age of seventy.

If, for instance, any one of the six Justices of the Supreme Court now over the age of seventy should retire as provided under the plan, no additional place would be created. Consequently, although there never can be more than fifteen, there may be only fourteen, or thirteen, or twelve. And there may be only nine.

There is nothing novel or radical about this idea. It seeks to maintain the Federal bench in full vigor. It has been discussed and approved by many persons of high authority ever since a similar proposal passed the House of Representatives in 1869.

Why was the age fixed at seventy? Because the laws of many States, the practice of the Civil Service, the regulations of the Army and Navy, and the rules of many of our Universities and of almost every great private business enterprise, commonly fix the retirement age at seventy years or less.

The statute would apply to all the courts in the Federal system. There is general approval so far as the lower Federal courts are concerned. The plan has met opposition only so far as the Supreme Court of the United States itself is concerned. If such a plan is good for the lower courts it certainly ought to be equally good for the highest Court from which there is no appeal.

Those opposing this plan have sought to arouse prejudice and fear by crying that I am seeking to "pack" the Supreme Court and that a baneful precedent will be established.

What do they mean by the words "packing the Court"?

Let me answer this question with a bluntness that will end all honest misunderstanding of my purposes.

If by that phrase "packing the Court" it is charged that I wish to place on the bench spineless puppets who would disregard the law and would decide specific cases as I wished them to be decided, I make this answer: that no President fit for his office would appoint, and no Senate of honorable men fit for their office would confirm, that kind of appointees to the Supreme Court. But if by that phrase the charge is made that I would appoint and the Senate would confirm Justices worthy to sit beside present members of the Court who understand those modern conditions, that I will appoint Justices who will not undertake to override the judgment of the Congress on legislative policy, that I will appoint Justices who will act as Justices and not as legislators - if the appointment of such Justices can be called "packing the Courts," then I say that I and with me the vast majority of the American people favor doing just that thing- now.

Is it a dangerous precedent for the Congress to change the number of the Justices? The Congress has always had, and will have, that power. The number of justices has been changed several times before, in the Administration of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson - both signers of the Declaration of Independence - Andrew jackson, Abraham Lincoln and Ulysses S. Grant.

I suggest only the addition of Justices to the bench in accordance with a clearly defined principle relating to a clearly defined age limit. Fundamentally, if in the future, America cannot trust the Congress it elects to refrain from abuse of our Constitutional usages, democracy will have failed far beyond the importance to it of any king of precedent concerning the Judiciary.

We think it so much in the public interest to maintain a vigorous judiciary that we encourage the retirement of elderly Judges by offering them a life pension at full salary. Why then should we leave the fulfillment of this public policy to chance or make independent on upon the desire or prejudice of any individual Justice?

It is the clear intention of our public policy to provide for a constant flow of new and younger blood into the Judiciary. Normally every President appoints a large number of District and Circuit Court Judges and a few members of the Supreme Court. Until my first term practically every President of the United States has appointed at least one member of the Supreme Court. President Taft appointed five members and named a Chief Justice; President Wilson, three; President Harding, four, including a Chief Justice; President Coolidge, one; President Hoover, three, including a Chief Justice.

Such a succession of appointments should have provided a Court well-balanced as to age. But chance and the disinclination of individuals to leave the Supreme bench have now given us a Court in which five Justices will be over seventy-five years of age before next June and one over seventy. Thus a sound public policy has been defeated.

I now propose that we establish by law an assurance against any such ill-balanced Court in the future. I propose that hereafter, when a Judge reaches the age of seventy, a new and younger Judge shall be added to the Court automatically. In this way I propose to enforce a sound public policy by law instead of leaving the composition of our Federal Courts, including the highest, to be determined by chance or the personal indecision of individuals.

If such a law as I propose is regarded as establishing a new precedent, is it not a most desirable precedent?

Like all lawyers, like all Americans, I regret the necessity of this controversy. But the welfare of the United States, and indeed of the Constitution itself, is what we all must think about first. Our difficulty with the Court today rises not from the Court as an institution but from human beings within it. But we cannot yield our constitutional destiny to the personal judgement of a few men who, being fearful of the future, would deny us the necessary means of dealing with the present.

This plan of mine is no attack on the Court; it seeks to restore the Court to its rightful and historic place in our Constitutional Government and to have it resume its high task of building anew on the Constitution "a system of living law." The Court itself can best undo what the Court has done.

I have thus explained to you the reasons that lie behind our efforts to secure results by legislation within the Constitution. I hope that thereby the difficult process of constitutional amendment may be rendered unnecessary. But let us examine the process.

There are many types of amendment proposed. Each one is radically different from the other. There is no substantial groups within the Congress or outside it who are agreed on any single amendment.

It would take months or years to get substantial agreement upon the type and language of the amendment. It would take months and years thereafter to get a two-thirds majority in favor of that amendment in both Houses of the Congress.

Then would come the long course of ratification by three-fourths of all the States. No amendment which any powerful economic interests or the leaders of any powerful political party have had reason to oppose has ever been ratified within anything like a reasonable time. And thirteen states which contain only five percent of the voting population can block ratification even though the thirty-five States with ninety-five percent of the population are in favor of it.

A very large percentage of newspaper publishers, Chambers of Commerce, Bar Association, Manufacturers' Associations, who are trying to give the impression that they really do want a constitutional amendment would be the first to exclaim as soon as an amendment was proposed, "Oh! I was for an amendment all right, but this amendment you proposed is not the kind of amendment that I was thinking about. I am therefore, going to spend my time, my efforts and my money to block the amendment, although I would be awfully glad to help get some other kind of amendment ratified."

Two groups oppose my plan on the ground that they favor a constitutional amendment. The first includes those who fundamentally object to social and economic legislation along modern lines. This is the same group who during the campaign last Fall tried to block the mandate of the people.

Now they are making a last stand. And the strategy of that last stand is to suggest the time-consuming process of amendment in order to kill off by delay the legislation demanded by the mandate.

To them I say: I do not think you will be able long to fool the American people as to your purposes.

The other groups is composed of those who honestly believe the amendment process is the best and who would be willing to support a reasonable amendment if they could agree on one.

To them I say: we cannot rely on an amendment as the immediate or only answer to our present difficulties. When the time comes for action, you will find that many of those who pretend to support you will sabotage any constructive amendment which is proposed. Look at these strange bed-fellows of yours. When before have you found them really at your side in your fights for progress?

And remember one thing more. Even if an amendment were passed, and even if in the years to come it were to be ratified, its meaning would depend upon the kind of Justices who would be sitting on the Supreme Court Bench. An amendment, like the rest of the Constitution, is what the Justices say it is rather than what its framers or you might hope it is.

This proposal of mine will not infringe in the slightest upon the civil or religious liberties so dear to every American.

My record as Governor and President proves my devotion to those liberties. You who know me can have no fear that I would tolerate the destruction by any branch of government of any part of our heritage of freedom.

The present attempt by those opposed to progress to play upon the fears of danger to personal liberty brings again to mind that crude and cruel strategy tried by the same opposition to frighten the workers of America in a pay-envelope propaganda against the Social Security Law. The workers were not fooled by that propaganda then. The people of America will not be fooled by such propaganda now.

I am in favor of action through legislation:

First, because I believe that it can be passed at this session of the Congress.

Second, because it will provide a reinvigorated, liberal-minded Judiciary necessary to furnish quicker and cheaper justice from bottom to top.

Third, because it will provide a series of Federal Courts willing to enforce the Constitution as written, and unwilling to assert legislative powers by writing into it their own political and economic policies.

During the past half century the balance of power between the three great branches of the Federal Government, has been tipped out of balance by the Courts in direct contradiction of the high purposes of the framers of the Constitution. It is my purpose to restore that balance. You who know me will accept my solemn assurance that in a world in which democracy is under attack, I seek to make American democracy succeed. You and I will do our part

Partager cet article
Repost0
29 mars 2012 4 29 /03 /mars /2012 16:38

1857: Dred Scott v. Sandford, quand la Cour suprême consacrait l’esclavage….

U. S. Supreme Court, Dred Scott, Plaintiff In Error v. John F. A. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393 (1857).

 

Walter Ehrlich, They Have No Rights, Applewood Books, 2007, 288 p.

Don Edward Fehrenbacher, The Dred Scott Case: its significance in American law and politics, Oxford University Press, 2001, 741 p.

Ethan Greenberg, Dred Scott and the dangers of a political court, Rowman and Littlefield, 2009, 328 p.

 Earl M. Maltz, Dred Scott and the politics of slavery, University Press of Kansas, 2007, 182 p.

David Thomas Konig, Paul Finkelman, Christopher Alan Bracey, The Dred Scott Case: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on Race and Law, Ohio University Press, 2010, 281 p.

Walter Ehrlich, « The Origins of the Dred Scott Case », Journal of Negro History, vol. 59, 2, 1974, 132-142.

Partager cet article
Repost0
7 février 2012 2 07 /02 /février /2012 14:14

Certains textes sont marquants dans l'Histoire constitutionnelle américaine. Le XIe Amendement en fait partie.

Il concerne les procès contre les Etats et est symbolique du rapport entre Etat et Union au lendemain de la ratification du texte constitutionnel.

pour plus d'éléments on peut consulter :

Ouvrages:
Maeva Marcus, James R. Perry, The Documentary History of the Supreme Court of the United States, 1789-1800: Suits against states, Volume 5 de The Documentary History of the Supreme Court of the United States, 1789-1800, Columbia University Press, 1995, 686 p.;
Melvyn R. Durchslag, State sovereign immunity: a reference guide to the United States Constitution, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, 176 p.;
Clyde Edward Jacobs, The Eleventh amendment and sovereign immunity, Greenwood Press, 1972, 216 p.;
John V. Orth, The judicial power of the United States: the eleventh amendment in American history, Oxford University Press, 1987, 231 p.

Articles,
 Erwin Chemerinsky, « The Hypocrisy of Alden v. Maine: Judicial Review, Sovereign Immunity and the Rehnquist Court », Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review, 33, 2000, 1283-1308;
Erwin Chemerinsky, « State Sovereignty and Federal Court Power: The Eleventh Amendment after Pennhurst v. Halderman », Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly, 1985, vol. 12, 643-668 ;
Jesse H. Choper, John C. Yoo, « Who’s afraid of The Eleventh Amendment? The Limited Impact of The Court’s Sovereign Immunity Rulings », Columbia Law Review, vol. 106, 213-261,
 Bradford R. Clark, « The Eleventh Amendment and the Nature of the Union », Harvard Law Review, juin 2010, vol. 123, 8, 1817-1918;
William A. Fletcher, « A Historical Interpretation of the Eleventh Amendment: A Narrow Construction of an Affirmative Grant of Jurisdiction Rather than a Prohibition Against Jurisdiction », Stanford Law Review, 1983, vol. 35, 1033-1063 ;
William D. Guthrie, « The Eleventh Article of Amendment to the Constitution of the United States », Columbia Law Review, vol. 8, 3, Mars 1908, 183-207;
 James E. Pfander, « History and State Suability: An “Explanatory” Account of the Eleventh Amendment », Cornell Law Review 1998, vol. 83, 1269-1352;
LeRoy G. Pilling, « An Interpretation of the Eleventh Amendment », Michigan Law Review, vol. 15, 6, avril 1917, 468-477;
Mark Strasser, « Chisholm, The Eleventh Amendment, and Sovereign Immunity: on Alden’s return to Confederation principles », Florida State University Law Review, 2001, vol. 28, 605-648 ;
A. H. Wintersteen, « The Eleventh Amendment and the Nonsuability of the State », The American Law Register (1852-1891), vol. 39,  1, 1-15.

Partager cet article
Repost0
18 décembre 2011 7 18 /12 /décembre /2011 16:08

David Armitage, The Declaration of Independence: A Global History, Harvard University Press, 2008, 300 p.

Carl Lotus Becker, The Declaration of Independence: A Study in the History of Political Ideas, BiblioLife, 2008 (1ère édition Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1922, 286 p.), 300 p.

Julian P. Boyd, Declaration of Independence: The Evolution of the Text , DIANE Publishing Company, 2010, 102 p.

William Hogeland, Declaration: The Nine Tumultuous Weeks When America Became Independent, May 1-July 4, 1776, Simon and Schuster, 2010, 273 p.

 Gary John Kornblith, Slavery and sectional strife in the early American republic, 1776-1821, Rowman & Littlefield, 2009, 165 p.

Pauline Maier, American Scripture: Making the Declaration of Independence, Paw Prints, 2008, 304 p.

Allen Jayne, Jefferson's Declaration of Independence: Origins, Philosophy, and Theology, University Press of Kentucky, 2000, 320 p.

Garry Wills, Inventing America: Jefferson's Declaration of Independence, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2002, 398 p.

Scott D. Gerber, To Secure These Rights: The Declaration of Independence and Constitutional Interpretation, New-York University Press, 1996, 256 p.

Partager cet article
Repost0
29 octobre 2011 6 29 /10 /octobre /2011 15:58

                                                  Voici la présentation de mon nouveau livre paru le 15 octobre dernier!

 

 

amerique-des-etats.jpg

 

 

L'Amérique des États

Depuis plusieurs mois, l'Union des États européens doit faire face à une crise financière, politique et sociale majeure. La réaction des institutions démontre le poids déterminant des États dans la structure européenne. Un autre système, de taille comparable, existe dans le monde. Les États-Unis d'Amérique, qui recouvre un État au niveau international composé de 50 états au niveau interne, ont connu de multiples conflits et difficultés durant leurs deux siècles d'existence.

Le présent ouvrage a pour dessein de parcourir cette histoire constitutionnelle américaine en insistant sur les distorsions juridiques, nées de la prise en compte des États dans le fonctionnement général. Le gouvernement fédéral et les gouvernements des États ont livré plusieurs batailles, juridiques, mais également militaires, dont la plus connue est évidemment la guerre de sécession.

Ce livre reprend les principaux événements de ces confrontations successives et en donne une analyse juridique. Tour à tour sont examinés la discussion constituante de 1787 et son rapport tant critiqué à l'esclavage, le dispositif de désignation présidentielle, qui a conduit à l'élection d'un président minoritaire, George Walker Bush en 2000, ou encore les différents compromis entre États qui ont été rendus nécessaires par les querelles juridiques et politiques portant sur l'influence des différents acteurs de la Fédération.

Deux autres crises sont également analysées : la guerre de sécession mais aussi l'un de ces prémisses, la crise de l'annulation en 1828. Enfin, les droits appliqués ont été souvent touchés par cette prise en compte de l'influence des États, influence qui explique par exemple la politique de ségrégation raciale et la difficile reconnaissance du droit de vote des femmes. Ces différentes études permettent de souligner les nombreuses contradictions nées de l'utilisation dans un même système des concepts juridiques de Démocratie et de Fédération.

À la lecture de cet ouvrage, c'est un droit américain incroyablement riche qui apparaît ; néanmoins, cette richesse même cache une grande instabilité et une perpétuelle remise en cause des fondements. L’exemple américain de Démocratie fédérale illustre les difficultés inhérentes au fonctionnement de ce type de système juridique et, dans le même temps, son étonnante adaptabilité.

Partager cet article
Repost0
10 octobre 2011 1 10 /10 /octobre /2011 04:52

Au Conseil constitutionnel 2, rue de Montpensier - 75001 Paris

Le Club des juristes et le Conseil constitutionnel vous convient au

3e SALON

DU LIVRE

JURIDIQUE

 

Rencontre avec les auteurs et dédicaces

(de 10h à 18h)

Les manuels et ouvrages juridiques seront en vente.

de 10h à 18h

 

15 octobre 2011

ENTRÉE LIBREwww.salondulivrejuridique.fr - www.leclubdesjuristes.com - www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr

Remise du prix du livre juridique (11h30)

par Michel Mercier, Garde des Sceaux, Ministre de la Justice

et des Libertés

Visite du Conseil constitutionnel (14h30 à 16h30)

avec Jean-Louis Debré, Président du Conseil constitutionnel

Tirage au sort des « pack-livres juridiques

étudiants » (17h)

 

Cocktail de clôture

 

Avec la présence, notamment, de :

Laurent AYNES, Bernard BEIGNIER, Alain BENABENT, Xavier BIOY, Thierry BONNEAU, Julien BOUDON, Bernard BOULOC, Michel BOUVIER, Dominique BUREAU, Rémy CABRILLAC, Dominique CARREAU, Didier CHAUVAUX, Marie-Anne COHENDET, Arlette DARMON, Florence DEBOISSY, Pierre DELVOLVE, Philippe DIDIER, Pierre ESPUGLAS, Muriel FABRE-MAGNAN, Christiane FERAL-SCHUHL, Simon-Louis FORMERY, Emmanuel GAILLARD, Pierre-Yves GAUTIER, Bruno GENEVOIS, Michel GERMAIN, Jean GICQUEL, Daniel GUTMANN, Emmanuel JEULAND, Jean-Claude KROSS, Jérôme LASSERRE CAPDEVILLE, Bettina LAVILLE, Paul LE CANNU, Jean-Jacques LIARD, Marceau LONG, Philippe MALAURIE, Philippe MALINVAUD, Bertrand MATHIEU, Christine MAUGÜE, Denis MAZEAUD, Elsa PESKINE, Loïc PHILIP, Hugues PORTELLI, Emmanuel PUTMAN, Jean-Emmanuel RAY, Judith ROCHFELD, Dominique ROUSSEAU, Jacques-Henri STAHL, Bernard STIRN, Philippe STOFFEL-MUNCK, François TERRE, Elisabeth ZOLLER...

 

Partager cet article
Repost0
13 septembre 2011 2 13 /09 /septembre /2011 07:00

publié ce matin:

 

article du monde.fr

13 septembre 2011

 

Etats-Unis : duel au soleil entre candidats à l'investiture républicaine

 

Les républicains ne se font pas de cadeaux. Favori de la course à l'investiture du parti, Rick Perry a essuyé lundi 9 septembre de vives critiques de la part de son principal rival, Mitt Romney, au cours d'un débat passionné centré sur la question de la retraite, à un peu plus d'un an de l'élection présidentielle américaine.

 

M. Perry, qui a reçu plus tôt dans la journée le soutien du gouverneur de la Louisiane, Bobby Jindal, a été attaqué sur ses positions concernant la sécurité sociale, l'emploi et sur ses réalisations au poste de gouverneur du Texas, auquel il a succédé à Georges W. Bush en 2000. Contraint d'adopter une stratégie défensive, Rick Perry a tenté d'assouplir sa position concernant le programme de retraite de la sécurité sociale, qu'il avait violemment critiqué précédemment. Il avait qualifié ce programme de "mensonge monstrueux" et de chaîne de Ponzi, un circuit financier frauduleux qui consiste à rémunérer des investissements grâce à des fonds apportés par de nouveaux entrants. Un système qui a notamment été utilisé par le financier Bernard Madoff.

 

"Je pense que le terme de chaîne de Ponzi est totalement exagéré, inutile et de nature à provoquer l'inquiétude de nombreuses personnes", a jugé Mitt Romney, ancien gouverneur du Massachusetts. "Nous n'allons pas supprimer ce programme, a répliqué Perry. Plutôt que de tenter d'effrayer les seniors comme vous et d'autres personnes le font, il est temps d'avoir un débat légitime sur les moyens d'ajuster ce programme pour qu'il ne fasse pas faillite."

 

SOUTIEN DU TEA PARTY

 

Ce thème de la sécurité sociale a une résonnance particulière en Floride, lieu du débat de lundi soir. Cet Etat affiche le deuxième plus fort taux de personnes âgées aux Etats-Unis et sera déterminant dans la désignation du candidat républicain l'an prochain. Entré dans la course à l'investiture le mois dernier, Rick Perry a le soutien des conservateurs du Tea Party en raison de ses positions sur la réduction de la puissance publique et des dépenses fédérales. Il a rapidement devancé M. Romney, jusqu'alors favori dans les sondages.

 

Rick Perry a également été attaqué sur son bon bilan en termes d'emploi dans son Etat, le Texas, ainsi que sur sa position sur la lutte contre l'immigration clandestine. Pour Mitt Romney, les chiffres flatteurs de créations d'emplois au Texas tiennent d'abord à l'absence d'impôt sur le revenu, aux ressources naturelles et à d'autres facteurs plutôt qu'à la politique menée par Perry.

 

Ce débat est le cinquième de la campagne présidentielle dans le camp républicain. Il sera suivi par un autre la semaine prochaine à Orlando, toujours en Floride

Partager cet article
Repost0
10 mai 2011 2 10 /05 /mai /2011 13:01

 

 

 

 

Emmanuel Jeuland, professeur à l’Université Paris 1, vient de se voir décerner le premier prix Olivier Debouzy, prix de l’agitateur des idées juridiques, par le Club des Juristes, pour son essai intitulé La Fable du ricochet – Approche juridique des liens de paroles, publié aux Editions Mare et Martin à Paris (www.mareetmartin.com).

Le jury était présidé par François Terré, Professeur émérite de l’université Panthéon-Assas, membre de l’Institut et composé de :

- Gilles August, Avocat à la Cour, co-fondateur du cabinet August & Debouzy

- Marie-Anne Barbat-Layani, Directrice adjointe du cabinet du Premier Ministre, Ancienne élève de l’ENA

- Jean Castelain, Bâtonnier de l’Ordre des avocats de Paris

- Capucine Fandre, Présidente de Séance publique, Présidente de l’Association française des conseils en lobbying

- Edouard Guillaud, Amiral, Chef d’état-major des armées

- Marc Guillaume, Secrétaire général du Conseil constitutionnel

- Pierre Louette, Directeur exécutif, Secrétaire général du groupe France Telecom-Orange, Ancien élève de l’ENA

- Philippe Meyer, Ecrivain, producteur à France Culture et France Inter

- Nicolas Molfessis, Professeur à l’université Panthéon-Assas, Secrétaire général du Club des juristes,

La cérémonie de remise du prix a lieu jeudi 5 mai à la Chambre de commerce et d’industrie de Paris, en présence d’un nombreux public et de votre serviteur.

 

Pour plus d'informations rendez-vous sur le site www.mareetmartin.com

 

 

 

Partager cet article
Repost0